Understanding Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment The thyroid and parathyroid glands play essential roles in regulating metabolism, calcium levels, and overall hormonal balance. When these glands become dysfunctional, they can lead to a variety of health issues. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and available treatment options can help individuals manage these disorders effectively. Thyroid Disorders: What You Need to Know The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and body temperature. Several conditions can affect thyroid function, including: Hypothyroidism – This condition occurs when the thyroid produces insufficient hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, and depression. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, is a common cause. Hyperthyroidism – In contrast, hyperthyroidism results from excessive thyroid horm