Summary: Due to the ease of use and comprehensive quantification capability, ITC has been widely used in many research fields: i) Protein-ligand interactions. e.g., interaction of proteins with various ligands including small molecules, metal ions, drugs, enzyme inhibitors etc. ii) Protein-protein interactions. e.g., domain-domain interaction, protein recognition, hormone-receptor, antibody-antigen, antibody-receptor binding and membrane fusion. iii) Self association. e.g., micellization parameters of surfactants in aqueous solutions. iv) Other chemical and physical processes involved in biomedical and drug development.