Summary: There have been a number of studies defining a role for PD-L1 in the regulation of immune tolerance and cancer immunity through binding to T cell-expressed PD-1. Interestingly, PD-L1 has also been shown to interact with B7-1, also known as CD80. Like PD- 1:PD-L1 interaction, B7-1:PD-L1 signaling also leads to inhibition of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production, suggesting that this pathway may also serve as a target in cancer immunotherapy and inflammatory diseases.