Summary: CD28 CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatorysignals required for T cell activation and survival. CD28 is the receptor for CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) proteins which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells(APC). CD28 modulates the primary TCR/CD3ζ signal in a different fashion than the late costimulatory elements OX40 and 4-1BB. CD28 enhances the expression of downstream regulators that impact on T-cell proliferation, death, differentiation, and effector functions. CAR+ T cells containing the CD28 endodomain showed strikingly enhanced sustained T cell activation, growth, survival. And CD28 results in a brightly expressed, stable receptor as the transmembrane domain. Including CD28 costimulatory domains in CARs led to enhanced anti-malignancy efficacy. CD3ζ CD3ζ, also known as T-cell receptor zeta, which together with T-cell receptor and CD3γ, δ , ε chain, forms the TCR-CD3 complex. ζ was expressed indepen
Description: CD28 CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatorysignals required for T cell activation and survival. CD28 is the receptor for CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) proteins which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells(APC). CD28 modulates the primary TCR/CD3ζ signal in a different fashion than the late costimulatory elements OX40 and 4-1BB. CD28 enhances the expression of downstream regulators that impact on T-cell proliferation, death, differentiation, and effector functions. CAR+ T cells containing the CD28 endodomain showed strikingly enhanced sustained T cell activation, growth, survival. And CD28 results in a brightly expressed, stable receptor as the transmembrane domain. Including CD28 costimulatory domains in CARs led to enhanced anti-malignancy efficacy. CD3ζ CD3ζ, also known as T-cell receptor zeta, which together with T-cell receptor and CD3γ, δ , ε chain, forms the TCR-CD3 complex. ζ was expressed independently from the complex. The zeta chain plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. CD3-zeta,which contains 3 ITAMs, is the most commonly used endodomain component of CARs. It transmits an activation signal to the T cell after antigen is bound. CD3-zeta may not provide a fully competent activation signal and additional co-stimulatory signaling is needed. For example, chimeric CD28 and OX40 can be used with CD3-zeta to transmit a proliferative/survival signal, or all three can be used together. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/car-t/pcdcar1-cd22-h-28%CE%B6-t-101.htm
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