Summary: The activation of native T cells requires two signals, the specific T cell receptor recognition of MHC/Antigen on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell (APC), and the binding of B7-1 (CD80) ligand on the APC with the CD28 receptor on the T cell surface. CD28:B7-1 interaction is an important drug target for the regulation of T cells involved in autoimmunity, inflammation, tumor recognition, and immune tolerance.